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What is the theory of relativity stating?
I’ve heard three different explainations…..
1. Time and space areintertwined to make the Space-Time continuum. The faster you go, the slower time moves. (I think this is B-S.)
2. Everythin must be measured relative to something else. If you’re doing 40 MPH in a car, you’re actually going faster because the planet you’re on is rotating…. so you’re going as fast as the planet is rotating + 40MPH. (I guess this makes sense…)
3. It takes a certain amount of energy to move a certain amount of matter at a certain rate of speed. (This looks right, but it sounds totally dofferent that everything else…)
4. Green Nuclear Zoom Zooms!!!! Weeeeeeeeee!!!!!!
Is it one of these, or something completely different??
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It’s all of those and more. Points 2 and 3 were well known before Einstein’s theory, so it’s not part of the theory, but it is important for the theory. Point 1 is true. All of it is true, and it’s not BS – it’s been experimentally verified.
Einstein’s Special Theory of Relativity is based on two Postulates: 1) The Laws of Physics are the same in all intertial reference frames. So if you’re traveling at 400mph and your friend is traveling at 800 mph, if you measure the half-life of some radioactive isotope each within your own reference frame, you’ll get the same number. Makes sense. 2) The speed of light is universally constant. This is the weird one. It says that no matter how you measure the speed of light in vaccuum you get the same number. Let me explain this one more thoroughly: You are standing on the side of the road and a car passes you at 50mph (you measured it with a radar gun). You’re friend is driving at 30mph ahead of the other car. When the 50mph car passes your friend, he measures the speed to me 20mph relative to him (i.e., the 50mph car is traveling 20mph faster than he is). That makes sense, and that’s Newtonian physics. Do the same experiment with light. You’re on a planet and light beam goes by. You measure the speed of light to be 186,000mps. Your friend is on a spaceship traveling at half the speed of light (93,000mps). When the beam of light passes him, what should he measure its speed to be? If you answered 93,000, then you’d be right from Netwon’s point of view. But experimentally, it has been shown, that you would actually measure 186,000mps. That’s why relativity was invented. To explain this weird result. Now once you except this postulate, other weird things are directly resulting from it. Things like the length of a ruler depends on how fast the observer is traveling relative to the ruler (so your friend would measure a slightly different number for the wavelength of the light pulse than you would based on your different speeds). And, even weirder, time slows down for a person traveling faster than someone else. So a person who leaves Earth on a rocket will travel 50 years (at close to the speed of light), return to Earth, and find that, say, 100 years would have passed on Earth (I didn’t do any math, so don’t quote those numbers). This has been experimentally verified by measuring the time it takes for particles to decay as they travel at different speeds.
General Relativity is even weirder, but that’s another post. It extends special relativity to non-inertial frame. Just take this to mean that the theory describes gravity. It states that gravity is caused by a curvature of space-time (space and time) and that this curvature is what produces the force of gravity. Matter and energy curve space. This has been measured as well.
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